|
|
 Containing
approximately 7,500 acres of marsh, hardwood swamp, upland timber,
streams and ponds, brush, and grassland, Great Swamp National Wildlife
Refuge is home for a great variety of plants and animals. With careful
protection and management, the refuge, surrounded by urban and suburban
areas, is becoming increasingly important for many kinds of wildlife.
By means of trails, blinds and habitat manipulation, refuge visitors
are provided excellent opportunities for wildlife observation and study.
So that others may enjoy the wildlife of Great Swamp, now and in the
future, your attention to our posted regulations will be appreciated.
 Surveys of Great Swamp plant life have identified several hundred
species of trees, shrubs, aquatic plants, ferns, sedges, grasses, and
other forms of plant life. This is a partial list of flowering plants in
order of their seasonal appearance and according to the color of their
blossoms. Some varieties occur in more than one season. Though Oxeye
Daisy, for example, is listed here with spring flowers, this plant also
frequents fields and roadsides during summer.
The following list was prepared in cooperation with Drs. Robert K.
and Florence M. Zuck, professors at Drew University and longtime amateur
botanist Robert J. Johnson. References for both common and scientific
names were the guide books of Rickett, Newcomb, Peterson, Niering,
Grimm, and Reed.
|
SPRING (March · April ·
May)
|
|
White/Green |
|
|
Anemone, Rue |
Thalictrum thalictroides |
|
Anemone, Wood |
Anemone quinquefolia |
|
Bedstraw, Clayton’s |
Galium tinctorium |
|
Bedstraw, Marsh |
Galium palustre |
|
Blackberry, Alleghany |
Rubus allegheniensis |
|
Campion, White |
Silene latifolia |
|
Chickweed |
Stellaria media |
|
Clover, White |
Trifolium repens |
|
Bittercress, Meadow. |
Cardamine pratensis |
|
Daisy, Oxeye |
Leucanthemum vulgare |
|
Dogwood, Flowering |
Cornus florida |
|
Fleabane, White-top |
Erigeron annuus |
|
Foamflower, Heart-leaf |
Tiarella cordifolia |
|
Garlic Mustard |
Aliaria officinalis |
|
Ginseng |
Panax quinquefolius |
|
Hellebore, False |
Veratrum viride |
|
Jack-in-the-pulpit, Swamp |
Arisaema triphyllum |
|
Lily-of-the-valley |
Convallaria majuscuta |
|
Mayapple |
Podophyllum peltatum |
|
Pussytoes |
Antennaria neodioica |
|
Saxifrage, Swamp |
Saxifraga pensylvanica |
|
Shadbush |
Amelanchier canadensis |
|
Solomon’s Seal, False |
Smilacina racemosa |
|
Spring Beauty |
Claytonia virginica |
|
Starflower |
Trientalis borealis |
|
Star-of-Bethlehem |
Ornithogalum umbellatum |
|
Strawberry |
Fragaria virginiana |
|
Trailing Arbutus |
Epigaea repens |
|
Trillium |
Trillium grandiflorum |
|
Viburnun |
Viburnum acerifolium |
|
Violet, Northern White |
Viola pallens |
|
Violet, Lance-leaved |
Viola lanceolata |
|
|
Yellow/Orange |
|
|
Bellwort, Perfoliate |
Uvularia perfoliatum |
|
Bladderwort, Greater |
Utricularia vulgaris |
|
Buttercup, Tall |
Ranunculus acris |
|
Buttercup, Swamp |
Ranunculus septentrionalis |
|
Buttercup, Creeping |
Ranunculus repens |
|
Celandine |
Stylophorum
diphyllum |
|
Cinquefoil, Common |
Potentilla simplex |
|
Cinquefoil, Rough-fruited |
Potentilla recta |
|
Coltsfoot |
Tussilago farfara |
|
Cynthia |
Krigia biflora |
|
Dwarf Dandelion |
Taraxacum officionale |
|
Golden Ragwort |
Senecio aureus |
|
Iris, Yello |
Iris pseudocorus |
|
King Devil, or Field Hawkweed |
Hieracium caespitsum |
|
Marsh Marigold |
Caltha palustris |
|
Spatterdock |
Nuphar luteva |
|
Trout Lily |
Erythronium americanum |
|
Wild Indigo |
Baptista tinctoria |
|
Winter Cress |
Barbarea vulgaris |
|
Wood Sorrel |
Oxalis stricta |
|
|
Pink/Red |
|
|
Geranium. |
Geranium maculatum |
|
Ginger |
Asarum canadense |
|
Lady’s Slipper, Pink |
Cypripedium acaule |
|
Pink Azalea |
Rhododendron nudiflorum |
|
Wood Betony |
Pedicularis canadensis |
|
|
Purple/Blue |
|
|
Bluebell |
Mertensa virginica |
|
Blue-eyed Grass |
Sisyrinchium angustifolium |
|
Ground Ivy |
Glechonia hederacea |
|
Hepatica, Round-lobed |
Hepatica nobilis |
|
Iris, Blue Flag |
Iris versicolor |
|
Iris, Slender |
Iris prismatica |
|
Periwinkle |
Vinca minor |
|
Purple Dead Nettle |
Lamium purpurem |
|
Skunk Cabbage |
Symplocarpus foetidus |
|
Spiderwort |
Tradescantia virginiana |
|
Vetch |
Vicia cracca |
|
Violet, LeConte’s |
Viola affnis |
|
Violet, Arrow-leaved. |
Viola sagittata |
|
Violet, Marsh Blue |
Viola cucullata |
|
|
SUMMER (June ··
Early August) |
|
White/Green |
|
|
Arrowhead. |
Sagittaria latifolia |
|
Beardtongue |
Penstemon digitalis |
|
Bindweed |
Calystegia sepia |
|
Boneset |
Eupatorium perfoliatum |
|
Bouncing Bet |
Saponaria officinalis |
|
Bugleweed |
Lycopus virginicus |
|
Bur-reed |
Sparganium americanum |
|
Buttonbush |
Cephalanthus occidentalis |
|
Elderberry |
Sambacus canadensis |
|
Hemlock, Water |
Cicuta maculata |
|
Honeysuckle, Swamp |
Rhododendron viscosum |
|
Honeysuckle, Japanese |
Lonicara japonica |
|
Indian Pipe |
Monotropa uniflora |
|
Indian Hemp |
Apocynum cannabium |
|
Laurel, Mountain |
Kalmia latifolia |
|
Lizard’s Tail |
Saururus cernuus |
|
Rose-Mallow, Swamp |
Hibiscus palustris |
|
Mallow, Musk |
Malva moschata |
|
Meadow Rue |
Thalictrum polygamum |
|
Meadowsweet |
Spirea latifolia |
|
Mermaid Weed |
Proserpinaca palustris |
|
Mountain-mint |
Pycanthemum virginianum |
|
Multiflora Rose |
Roas multiflora |
|
Orchid, Fringed |
Habenaria lacera |
|
Pepperbush |
Clethra alniflora |
|
Plantain, English |
Plantago lanceolata |
|
Plantain, Rattlesnake |
Goodyera pubescens |
|
Plantain, Water |
Alisma subcordatum |
|
Pokeweed |
Phytolacca americana |
|
Purslane, Marsh |
Ludwigia, palustris |
|
Queen Anne’s Lace |
Daucus carota |
|
Rattlesnake Root |
Prenanthes alba |
|
Sarsaparilla |
Aralia nudicaulis |
|
Smartweed |
Polygonum hydropiper |
|
Solomon’s Seal |
Polygonatum biflorum |
|
Sweet Cicely |
Oxmorhize claytoni |
|
Sweet Clover, White |
Melilotus alba |
|
Water Arum |
Calla palustris |
|
Water Hemlock |
Cicuta maculata |
|
Wintergreen, Spotted |
Chimaphila maculata |
|
Yarrow |
Achilea millefolium |
|
|
Yellow/Orange |
|
|
Agrimony |
Agrimonia parviflora |
|
Bartonia |
Bartonia virginica |
|
Birdsfoot Trefoil |
Lotus corniculatus |
|
Black-eyed Susan |
Rudbeckia hirta |
|
Butter-and-eggs |
Linaria vulgaris |
|
Butterflyweed |
Asclepias tuberosa |
|
Canada Lily |
Lilium canadense |
|
Cucumber Root, Indian |
Medeola virginiana |
|
Day Lily |
Hemerocallis fulva |
|
Evening Primrose |
Oenothera biennis |
|
Goatsbeard |
Aruncus dioicus |
|
Hawkweed, Orange |
Hieracium aurantiacum |
|
Hop Clover |
Trifolium agrarium |
|
Hop Clover, Smaller |
Trifolium procumbens |
|
Jewelweed |
Impatiens capensis |
|
Loosestrife, Fringed |
Lysimachia ciliata |
|
Loosestrife, Whorled |
Lysimachia quadrifolia |
|
Moneywort |
Lysimachia nummularia |
|
Mullien, Common |
Verbascum thapsus |
|
Mullien, Moth |
Verbascum blattaria |
|
St. Johnsworth, Common |
Hericum perforatum |
|
Scarlet Pimpernel |
Anagallis arvensis |
|
Seedbox |
Ludwigia alternifolia |
|
Sneezeweed |
Helenium autumnale |
|
Sow Thistle |
Sonchus oleraceus |
|
Stargrass |
Hypoxis hirsuta |
|
Sundrops |
Oenothera fruiticosa |
|
Sundrops, Small |
Oenothera perennis |
|
Tansy |
Tanacetum vulgare |
|
Swamp Candles |
Lysimachia terrestris |
|
Sweet Clover, Yellow |
Meliltus officinalis |
|
Turk’s-cap Lily |
Lilium superbum |
|
Golden Alexanders |
Ziziz aurea |
|
|
Pink/Red |
|
Azalea, Flame |
Rhododendron caldeulaceum |
|
Bergamot |
Monarda fistulosa |
|
Clover, Alsike. |
Trifolium hybridum |
|
Deptford Pink |
Dianthus armeria |
|
Knapweed, Spotted |
Centaurea maculosa |
|
Rose Mallow, Swamp.. |
Hibiscus palustris |
|
Milkweed |
Asclepias syriaca |
|
Milkweed, Swamp |
Asclepias, incarnata |
|
Milkwort |
Polygala sanguinea
|
|
Partridgeberry |
Mitchella repens
|
|
Smartweed |
Polygonum
pensylvanicum
|
|
Smartweed, Long-bristle |
Polygonum
cespitosum
|
|
Steeplebush |
Spirea tomentosa
|
|
St. Johnswort, Marsh |
Triadenum virginicum |
|
Swamp Rose |
Rosa
palustris |
|
Tearthumb, Arrow-leaved |
Polygonum sagittatum |
|
Tearthumb, Halberd-leaved |
Polygonum arifolium |
|
Teasel |
Dispacus
sylvestris |
|
Thistle, Bull |
Cirsium vulgare |
|
Thistle, Field |
Cirsium
discolor |
|
Thistle, Canada |
Cirsium
arvense |
|
Thistle,
Pasture |
Cirsium pumilum
|
|
Tick Trefoil |
Desmodium canadense |
|
Tick Trefoil, Panicled |
Desmodium paniculatum |
|
Wild Onion |
Allium cernum |
|
Woundwort |
Stachys palustris |
|
|
Purple/Blue |
|
|
Asiatic Dayflower |
Commelina communis |
|
Bittersweet |
Solanum dulcamara |
|
Burdock |
Arctium minus |
|
Chicory |
Cichorium intybus |
|
Clover, Red |
Trifolium
pratense |
|
Dayflower |
Commelina
virginica |
|
Forget-me-not.... |
Myosotis
scirpoides |
|
Indian Tobacco |
Lobelia
inflata |
|
Lobelia, Spiked |
Lobelia
Spicata |
|
Loosestrife, Purple |
Lythrum
salicaria |
|
Milkweed, Purple |
Asclepias
purpurascens |
|
Mint |
Mentha arvensis |
|
Monkey Flower |
Mimulus
ringens |
|
Phlox |
Phlox paniculata |
|
Pickerelweed |
Ponditeria
cordata |
|
Purple Hyssop. |
Agastache
scrophulariaefolia |
|
Selfheal |
Prunella
vulgaris |
|
Skullcap, Mad-dog |
Scutellaria
laterifolia |
|
Skullcap, Marsh |
Scutellaria
epilobiifolia |
|
Spearmint |
Veronica
scutellata |
|
Venus’ Looking-glass |
Specularia
perfoliata |
|
Vervain, Blue |
Verbena
hastata |
|
Viper’s Bugloss |
Echium
vulgare |
|
|
AUTUMN (Late August · September ·
October) |
|
White/Green |
|
|
Aster, Small-flowered |
Aster vimineus |
|
Aster, White wood |
Aster
divaricatus |
|
Aster, Calico |
Aster
lateriflorus |
|
Aster, Flat-top |
Aster
umbellatus |
|
Aster, Heath |
Aster pilosus |
|
Aster, Trandescant’s |
Aster
tradescanti |
|
Hempweed |
Mikania
scandens |
|
Ladies’ Tresses, Grass-leaved |
Spiranthes vernalis |
|
Silver-rod. |
Solidago bicolor |
|
Turtlehead |
Chelone
glabra |
|
Water-horehound |
Lycopus
americanus |
|
White Snakeroot |
Eupatorium
rugosum |
|
|
Yellow/Orange |
|
|
Beggar Ticks |
Bidens
aristosa |
|
Goldenrod, Canada |
Solidago canadensis |
|
Goldenrod, Early |
Solidago
juncea |
|
Goldenrod, Grass-leaved |
Solidago graminifolia |
|
Goldenrod, Rough-leaf |
Solidago patula |
|
Goldenrod, Rough-stemmed |
Solidago rugosa |
|
Goldenrod, Tall |
Solidago altissima |
|
Goldenrod, Rough-leaf |
Solidago patula |
|
Goldenrod, Rough-stemmed |
Solidago rugosa |
|
Goldenrod, Tall |
Solidago altissima |
|
Goldenrod, Broad-leaved |
Solidago flexicaulis |
|
Jerusalem Artichoke |
Helianthus giganteus |
|
Sunflower, Giant. |
Helianthus
giganteus |
|
Witch Hazel |
Hamamelis
virginiana |
|
|
Pink/Red |
|
|
Cardinal Flower |
Lobelia
cardinalis |
|
Gerardia, Purple |
Gerardia
purpurea |
|
Gerardia, White |
Gerardia
albiflora |
|
Spotted Joe-Pye Weed |
Eupatorium maculatum |
|
Joe-Pye Weed |
Eupatorium
dubium |
|
|
Purple/Blue |
|
Aster, Bushy |
Aster
dumosus |
|
Aster, New England |
Aster novae-angliae |
|
Aster, New England |
Aster novae-angliae |
|
Aster, Purple-stemmed |
Aster
puniceus |
|
Aster, Smooth |
Aster
laevis |
|
Blazing Star |
Liatris
spicata |
|
Gentian, Fringe-topped |
Gentiana andrewsii |
|
Ironweed, New York |
Veronia noveboracensis |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Great Swamp is one of almost 500 refuges in the National Wildlife
Refuge System administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The
National Wildlife Refuge System is a network of lands and waters managed
specifically for the protection of wildlife habitat and represents the
most comprehensive wildlife management program in the world. Units of
the system stretch across the Untied States from northern Alaska to the
Florida Keys and include small islands in the Caribbean and South
Pacific. The character of the refuges is as diverse as the nation
itself.
The Service also manages National Fish Hatcheries, and provides
Federal leadership in habitat protection, fish and wildlife research,
technical assistance and the conservation and protection of migratory
birds, certain marine mammals and threatened and endangered species.
For further information, contact:
Refuge Manager
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
R.D. #1, Box 152
Basking Ridge, NJ 07920
Telephone: (973) 425-1222
|
